Why I Use Markdown to Write for the Web

One of my favorite single-purpose apps – Brett Terpstra’s Marked – is on-sale through Christmas. Marked allows you to preview documents written in Markdown as you write them, so that you can see what they will look like online. Each time you save the document, Marked automatically updates the HTML preview. When I’m using a dual-monitor to write for the web, I have Marked open on the second monitor as I write on the first.

When I tweeted about the Marked sale, my friend Matt Stauffer made me laugh with his reply:

He then asked me to write about why Markdown is practical. Over the last 18 months or so, I’ve become a Markdown convert. Here’s why and how I use Markdown.

What Is Markdown?

First, a brief description of Markdown, from its creator John Gruber:

Markdown is a text-to-HTML conversion tool for web writers. Markdown allows you to write using an easy-to-read, easy-to-write plain text format, then convert it to structurally valid XHTML (or HTML).

If you, like me, were introduced to the Internet during the era of plain text emails and Usenet newsgroups, Markdown looks very, very similar to the rudimentary formatting used back then. Here are some simple examples. The following, written in Markdown:

##Heading  2
This text is **bold** and *italic*.  
I’m linking to [my website](http://www.mikehickerson.com). 
 
>; Ooh, a clever quote. 

becomes this when converted to HTML:

Heading 2

This text is bold and italic.

I’m linking to my website.

;

Ooh, a clever quote.

Here’s the full list of Markdown syntax. The variant of Markdown called MultiMarkdown allows you to do even more.

Why Do I Use Markdown?

Simplicity: Markdown uses plain text files, which means I can edit them using any app that writes and edits plain text. I’m not locked into a specific app, and I can be certain that my formatting will remain correct if I switch from one app to another. Further, because Markdown formatting is more compact and less intrusive than standard HTML, I can focus more easily on the text.

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WordPress.com vs. WordPress.org: Which is right for you?

WordPress

WordPress, my CMS of choice

Earlier this year, I moved this site from a self-hosted WordPress.org installation to an account hosted on WordPress.com. Meanwhile, I continue to edit and manage a self-hosted WordPress blog. I’ve been using both versions of WordPress side-by-side for nearly a year, and I’m very happy with both of them. If you’re trying to choose between the two, here’s some guidance.

What’s the difference?

First, a brief explanation of the difference between WordPress.com and WordPress.org. WordPress is an open-source content management system (CMS), which means that it’s not only free to use, but you can also download the source code and change the software if you are so inclined. At WordPress.org, you can download WordPress absolutely free, but you are responsible for installing and hosting it somewhere. At WordPress.com, you can’t download the software, but you can create a free account and start a WordPress-based blog or website. The experience of writing and updating content is virtually the same as both. Further, even though you can’t install your own plugins on WordPress.com, it offers a large set of built-in features not included in the vanilla WordPress.org download.

As a side note, I don’t think there’s much of a difference in cost between the two versions. WordPress.com sites are free to create, but there are various upgrades that you may want to buy, such as custom domains, premium themes, and the ability to create a custom design for your site. WordPress.com offers an upgrade bundle for $99 per year. Meanwhile, for a self-hosted WordPress site, you have to buy your own domain (around $10 annually for most domains) and pay for your own hosting (about $10 per month for typical users), which comes to about $130 per year.

Why you should choose a self-hosted WordPress site

  • You have technical skills, or you’re willing and able to learn them. If you’re already writing your own code or running your own servers, you’ll probably be frustrated with the lack of control offered by WordPress.com. However, you don’t have to be an IT wizard to start a self-hosted WordPress blog. I knew next-to-nothing about coding when I started experimenting with WordPress. I’m not a WordPress genius by any means, but I know enough to customize WordPress for my needs.
  • You want/need a great deal of flexibility. As I said above, WordPress.com offers a large variety of features. Your site, however, might need a plugin not available on WordPress.com, or you might want a level of customization not available on WordPress.com. For example, the other day, I created a Portfolio page for myself. My preference was to create this as a full-width page, without any sidebars or other features. If this were a self-hosted WordPress site, I could have created a full-width page for my Portfolio, but the theme I’m using doesn’t offer that as an option.
  • You want/need total control over your site. This is closely related to the point above. If you want or need to control all of the code and data for your site, whether for personal or legal reasons, you should host your own site.

Why you should choose a WordPress.com site

  • You just want your site to work without bothering with the technical stuff. This is probably the biggest reason to choose WordPress.com. You don’t have to worry about installing your plugins, upgrading the software, or debugging any problems that arise. This is why I chose to move to WordPress.com. Even though I could handle the technical stuff, I didn’t have the time or inclination to handle it at the time I moved.
  • The WordPress.com community appeals to you. Personally, this isn’t something that I make much use of, but there is a huge WordPress.com community that offers a social network. If you already know a bunch of people using WordPress.com, or you like this kind of community, it’s a great choice.
  • You like the free features of WordPress.com (or don’t mind paying for upgrades). As I mentioned above, the cost of a hosted WordPress.com site comes from the upgrades. If you just want to write, post photos, create content, etc., and don’t want a lot of customization, I’d recommend WordPress.com.

That’s my advice. Here’s another take on the same question from Tom Ewer at WPMU. Have you used either version of WordPress? Do you have an opinion about which is better for you?

Cloud Atlas, Science Fiction, and the Origins of Religion

I just finished reading Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell, and I liked this remarkable book a great deal. The book is structured as six “nesting doll” stories, each with a different cast of characters, written in a different genre, set in a different time. Each story is, in turn, interrupted by the next one; after the sixth story is told in full, the stories resolve in reverse order. As I wrote on Twitter,

I won’t write a full review, but I wanted to comment on one element. The sixth story, set in a post-apocalyptic Hawaii of the far future, features a religious system that regards as divine a character from an earlier story. This is a common trope in science fiction: some remarkable, but ultimately reasonable and nonreligious event or person becomes the basis for a religion after centuries of distortion, misunderstandings, and half-remembered truths. Half-remembered truth + time + distortion = religion.

Science fiction that uses this formula shares the same assumptions as classic Liberal Christianity of the 18th and 19th centuries. Both assume there’s something true, more or less, at the core of religion, but that truth can be explained in purely naturalistic terms. The “religious” elements of religion, meanwhile — miracles, belief in the divinity of the founders, metaphysical claims, prayers and other rites — accumulated slowly as the original truths were forgotten or misunderstood. While the religion may have begun as a new philosophy or social movement, it was never intended to be a “religion.”

This strikes me as exactly the opposite of how religions are actually founded. Whatever the event or teaching that launches the religion, its religious nature is immediately apparent, and the movement is regarded as a religion during the lifetime of the founder or shortly thereafter. Whatever truth or falsehood these movements possess is there from the very beginning. If anything, the passage of time tends to make the religions less mystical, as they move away from the ecstatic experiences of the founding generations and settle into systematized belief.

Let’s set aside older religions for the moment and instead just consider religions whose origins were well-recorded by outsiders, such as Sikhism, Bahá’í, Mormonism, and Scientology. Each of these featured a founder who made radical new claims about the nature of reality and claimed to have received these insights through an otherworldly experience. Religious elements and rituals were present from the very beginning (and were usually the innovations of the founder), and the sacred texts of the religions were written by either the founder or his followers. Though their origins are less well-documented by outside obervers, I think the same basic pattern would apply to Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and other older religions. Hinduism, classical paganism, and traditional animism may fit the “time + distortion” model, but their origins lay so far in the past that theories about their foundations can only be conjecture.

By the way, I also enjoyed David Mitchell’s 2011 novel The Ten Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet. I’m adding the rest of his novels to my “to read” list.

Organizing My Job Search with Pinboard

Pinboard Logo

Pinboard, my favorite bookmarking service.

For the past month, I’ve been searching for a new full time job. As anyone can tell you, there are jobs out there — it’s just a matter of finding the right one for you. (Sounds easy, right?)

I’m looking for a position in communications, writing, editing, or web production. That covers a huge variety of positions and industries, and all sorts of jobs come up on, say, Indeed if you search for those keywords. Further, friends and family regularly email me about positions they’ve seen posted. Some of these look like they would be a perfect position for me. Others — not so much.

This leaves me with an information filter problem: how do I sort through and organize these jobs to find the ones that I’m both qualified for and interested in?

The Beauty of Pinboard

This is where Pinboard comes in. Pinboard is an online bookmarking tool that allows you to save and organize web pages for future reference. You might be asking, “Why would I want that? My web browser can store bookmarks for me.” True, but here are a few reasons why Pinboard is better:

  • Depth. I currently have over 5,000 bookmarks stored in Pinboard. Good luck keeping those organized in a web browser bookmarks folder.
  • Ease of use. Pinboard integrates with many other apps I use every day, including Tweetbot, Reeder, and Instapaper. If I read an interesting article in one of those apps, I can save it directly to Pinboard. With the “Save to Pinboard” shortcut, I can save webpages directly from Safari. With IFTTT, I can also automatically archive links from Facebook pages, RSS feeds, or other sources.
  • Tagging. Instead of folders, Pinboard using tags to organize bookmarks. This becomes important in a second.

Pinboard isn’t free — it costs about ten dollars to create an account — but that’s actually something I like about the service. As Pinboard’s owner explained on the site’s blog, charging a fee provides stability and allows him to focus on the service full time. I don’t have to worry about the site’s parent company shutting it down because it’s not profitable or the site selling ads (or my personal information) to make ends meet. There’s also an optional archiving service that, for $25/year, guarantees that articles you bookmark will still work even if the original link changes or gets deleted. If I were a student or working on a long-term research, I would sign up for archiving in a second.

My Job Review Workflow

  1. When I find a job posting, I review it quickly to see if it would be a good fit. If I don’t think it would be, I close the window and forget about it. If I think it might be a good fit for me, then I bookmark it with Pinboard.
  2. Collection: I usually use the Safari “Save with Pinboard” shortcut, which I have set to Cmd–5 on my Macbook. I tag the posting with jobs and set the bookmark to private. (By default, bookmarks in Pinboard are public, so you could share a collection of bookmarks with others.) If the job looks like an especially great fit, I tag it Ajobs.
  3. Review: Every couple of days, I review my bookmarks tagged jobs or Ajobs. Pinboard has a great feature called “Organize” that displays the original URL and your bookmark side-by-side. I check for a few things: Is the job still available? Do I still think it would be a good fit? Do I want to promote the job to Ajobs, demote it to jobs, or delete it entirely?
  4. Action: At any given time, I try to keep 5 to 10 postings tagged with Ajobs. So, whenever I’m ready to apply for some jobs, I simply open by Ajobs tag in Pinboard and start applying.
  5. Archive: After I’ve applied for the job, I change the tag from Ajobs to Ajobsapplied (or jobsapplied if I’ve applied to a lower priority position). This allows me to keep a record of the jobs I’ve applied for. I also add the job application to my Job Search Google Doc, which I’ll write about another day. Keeping track of applications is a requirement for unemployment benefits, but it also helps me follow up more effectively. For example, I can review my LinkedIn network for people who might be able to connect me with the company.

If you don’t want to use Pinboard, you could set up a similar workflow with Evernote, your browser’s bookmarks folder, or any program that lets you save and organize bookmarks.

That’s my workflow. I’d love to hear how others review and organize job listings. What are your tips?

The Perfect One-Cup Coffee Maker: AeroPress

Aeropress

The magnificent AeroPress (Photo credit: doubleshot_cz)

My wife gives amazing gifts. She thinks about them for months, chooses something that you will love, and buys it at the best price. Last year, she gave me an AeroPress coffee maker. I use it every day to make amazing coffee. If you have a coffee lover on your Christmas list, I highly recommend considering an AeroPress. If you want to learn more, I’ve put some links at the bottom of this post.

As someone who likes to fiddle and experiment, I love that you can make coffee in many different ways with the AeroPress. Here’s my current recipe, which I developed so that I can save money and use only one scoop of coffee.

  1. Microwave 1.5 cups of cold water on high for 2 minutes, 30 seconds. This brings the water close to boiling (and gives you time to prepare your brew).
  2. Grind 1 scoop of beans for 15 seconds. I prefer dark roasts for the AeroPress and have found that lighter roasts taste a bit too “bright” toward the end of the cup.
  3. Invert the AeroPress and move the plunger to position 4. Empty the beans into the AeroPress. Fill with hot water and stir 4–5 times.
  4. Let the coffee steep for 90 seconds. While I’m waiting, I rinse a new filter with cold water and get it ready.
  5. Cap the AeroPress with the filter, invert over a mug, and press down slowly on the plunger. Top off the cup with leftover hot water.

To learn more about the AeroPress: